Olaparib is a PARP inhibitor, mainly used for the treatment of specific types of cancers, such as ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer with BRCA gene mutations. It acts by inhibiting the DNA repair capacity of tumor cells, thereby delaying or preventing cancer cell growth.
Indications and Target Populations
Ovarian Cancer
Indicated for advanced ovarian cancer patients with BRCA mutations, or maintenance treatment for recurrence after platinum‑based chemotherapy.
Breast Cancer
Used for the treatment of metastatic HER2‑negative breast cancer with BRCA mutations.
Prostate Cancer
Indicated for patients with metastatic castration‑resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with specific genetic abnormalities.
Mechanism of Action
PARP Enzyme Inhibition
PARP is a key enzyme involved in repairing DNA damage. By inhibiting its activity, olaparib causes accumulation of DNA damage in cancer cells, leading to cell death.
Synthetic Lethality
In tumors with DNA repair defects such as BRCA mutations, olaparib selectively kills cancer cells with minimal effects on normal cells.
Common Side Effects
Hematologic Effects
Anemia, neutropenia, etc. (regular complete blood count monitoring is required).
Gastrointestinal Effects
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (can be relieved by diet adjustment or medications).
Fatigue
Mild to moderate fatigue may occur in most patients.
Other Reactions
Headache, arthralgia, etc.
Precautions and Contraindications
Contraindicated Populations
Contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to any ingredient of olaparib, pregnant women, or breastfeeding women.
Genetic Testing
Genetic testing is required before treatment to confirm the presence of BRCA mutations or other relevant biomarkers.
Hepatic and Renal Function Monitoring
Dose adjustment is needed in patients with severe hepatic or renal impairment.
Drug Interactions
Avoid concomitant use with strong CYP3A inhibitors (e.g., clarithromycin), which may increase toxicity.
Olaparib is a prescription drug and must be used strictly under medical guidance. During treatment, regular follow‑up examinations including complete blood count, liver and renal function, and imaging assessment are required. Immediate drug discontinuation and medical attention are necessary if abnormal symptoms such as dyspnea, severe infection, or persistent high fever occur.
